SELECTED LINKS, RESOURCES, AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES

  1. Comparative experiences in establishing Special Status regions, or territorial autonomies (Special Autonomous, Administrative regions). Comparative Special Status laws and provisions for such Regions. Core features of such Special Status regions. Use of Special Status and substantial territorial autonomies to manage conflicts/crisis over regional specificities, peculiarities. Asymmetrical devolution to different constituent parts/regions within States.

    1. Melbourne Forum on Constitution-Building, Asymmetric Territorial Arrangements in Decentralized Systems , October 2018.

    2. Autonomy Arrangements in the World Project (EURAC, ECMI et al.), Bibliography & Further Readings on Autonomy Arrangements , 2016.

    3. Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Positive experiences of autonomous regions as a source of inspiration for conflict resolution in Europe , Doc 9824, June 2003.

    4. Hans-Joachim Heintze, Implementation of Minority Rights through the Devolution of Powers – The Concept of Autonomy Reconsidered, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, Vol. 9, No. 4 (2002), pp. 325-343. (Available via the JPASS Journal subscription service).

    5. Marc Weller, Settling Self-Determination Conflicts: Recent Developments European Journal of International Law Vol. 20 no. 1, 2009, pp 111 – 165.

    6. Wise, L. (2018). Territorial Power-sharing and Inclusion in Peace Processes (PA-X Report, Power-Sharing Series). Edinburgh: Global Justice Academy, University of Edinburgh.

    7. Alexis Heraclides, Partition, Autonomy, Secession: The Three Roads of Separatism , Cahiers d’Etudes sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien, N° 34, 2002. Russie-Asie Centrale. La partition en question. pp. 149-174.

    8. Cederman, Hug, & Wucherpfennig, Autonomy, Secession and Conflict: A Strategic Model , Paper for presentation - ENCoRe Conference, Barcelona, October 2015.

    9. Rodd McGibbon, Secessionist Challenges in Aceh and Papua: Is Special Autonomy the Solution?

    10. Comparative Special Status Laws: Indonesia - Aceh Peace Accord Indonesia - Aceh Law , Portugal - Azores Law , Finland - Aland Law , Denmark - Feroe Islands Law , Denmark - Greenland Law , Italy - Special Statute Aosta Valley , Italy - Special Statute Sicily Region Special Statute Sicily Region Bangsamoro Act , Philippines - Bangsamoro Act

  2. State Ordering, State Forms, and implications for managing diversity: Unitarism, Bonapartist-modelled State form: implications for sub-national units and handling regional/territorial peculiarities or variations. Unitarist models with openings for regional accommodation through Regions’ enhanced self-governing powers over their specificities. Features of federal, federalizing systems. Historical trajectory of Cameroon’s State ordering along its dual heritages; the priority of national unity. Constitutional models for managing diversity: integration/fusion or accommodation/co-existence?

    1. Ronald Watts, Asymmetrical Decentralization: Functional or Dysfunctional , Paper Presented at International Political Science Association, Québec, Canada, August 2000.

    2. Fathi Zerari, L’évaluation de l’autonomie des collectivités territoriales dans les systèmes juridiques d’inspiration française , Les Annales de droit [En ligne], No. 12, 2018.

    3. Claude Olivesi, Autonomies des Régions ? Actes Sud, « La pensée de midi » 2007/2 N° 21, pages 25 à 48.

    4. Michael Burgess, Comparative Federalism: Theory and practice , Routledge Publishers, 357 pp., 2006.

    5. John O. Kalu and Dov Bing, Implication of Federalism in ‘Federal’ Related Political Institutions: A Conceptual Analysis , Perspectives on Federalism, Vol. 8, issue 3, 2016.

    6. Pierre Gonidec, Les Institutions Politiques de la République Fédérale du Cameroun (The political institutions of the Federal Republic of Cameroon), Revue Civilisations, Vol. 11, No. 4 (1961), pp. 370-400. (Available via the JPASS Journal subscription service).

    7. Frank M. Stark, Federalism in Cameroon: The Shadow and the Reality, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 10, No. 3 (1976), pp. 423-442. (Available via the JPASS Journal subscription service).

    8. Prof. Pierre Fabien Nkot, Le référendum du 20 mai 1972 au Cameroun: analyse de quelques tendances de la doctrine . Les Cahiers de droit (Université de Laval), 40 (3), 665–690. (1999).

    9. Jean Njoya, La constitutionnalisation des droits de minorités au Cameroun: Usages politiques du droit et phobie du séparatisme, Journal of Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1. Quartal 2001), pp. 24-47. (Available via the JPASS Journal subscription service).

  3. Management and Regulation of Official Languages in States having more than one Official Language (bi- or multi-lingual States); comparative Language laws and legal regulation of Official languages, including in official proceedings, transactions, and by the public administration. Language rights of public service users, and equal access to public services by different official language users. Trajectory, lessons learned on planning, management, and use of the two Official Languages in Cameroon.

    1. Cameroon, National Commission for the Promotion of Bilingualism and Multiculturalism , Yaoundé.

    2. LECLERC, Jacques, Aménagement Linguistique dans la monde , CEFAN, Université de Laval, Québec, Canada. (Online database of language laws and policies in most States around the world)

    3. International Association of Language Commissioners

    4. International Academy of Linguistic Law

    5. United Nations Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues, Language Rights of Linguistic Minorities: A Practical Guide for Implementation , Geneva, Switzerland (2017).

    6. Isaiah Ayafor, Official Bilingualism in Cameroon: An Empirical Evaluation of the Status of English in Official Domains , Ph.D. Thesis, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Germany, 2005.

    7. Eric A. Anchimbe, (Multiple research papers on language policy, language and identity construction, with a focus on English in Cameroon) , University of Bayreuth, Germany.

    8. Aloysius NGEFAC, Linguistic Choices in Postcolonial Multilingual Cameroon , Nordic Journal of African Studies 19(3): 149–164 (2010).

    9. Dieudonné P. Aroga Bessong, Le bilinguisme officiel (français-anglais) au Cameroun : un problème d’aménagement efficace , Revue : Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction, vol. 10, n° 1, 1997, p. 219-244.

    10. Beban Sammy Chumbow, The Challenge of Linguistic Diversity and Pluralism: The Tier Stratification Model of Language Planning in a Multilingual Setting , Social Sciences and Cultural Studies - Issues of Language, Public Opinion, Education and Welfare, Asuncion Lopez-Varela (Ed.), September 2012.

    11. Suksi, Markku John Rainer, Legal implications of the constitutional principle of two national languages in Finland: symmetry with the possibility of asymmetry , Revista de Llengua i Dret, Journal of Language and Law, Núm. 67, 2017, p. 7-37.

  4. Managing the co-existence of two or more distinct legal cultures and systems (such as Romano-Germanic law, Common Law, Customary Law) within States around the world. Mixed legal systems (active blending, fusing of more than one major legal tradition). Bi-juralism / Multi-juralism (the sustenance and simultaneous use of more than one major legal tradition, usually on a territorial basis, within States). Legal Harmonization (Unification of Law) and its challenges in States with a plurality of legal traditions. Comparative law resources, with emphasis on key features, areas of divergence and convergence, and evolutions between Romano-Germanic (continental, civil law) and Common Law (Anglo-Saxon) legal traditions.

    1. Canada, Department of Justice, Policy on Bijuralism and Harmonization of Laws , 2015.

    2. France Allard, Department of Justice Canada, The Supreme Court of Canada and its Impact on the Expression of Bijuralism , 2016.

    3. William Tetley, Mixed Jurisdictions: Common Law v. Civil Law (Codified and Uncodified) , 60 Louisiana Law Review. (2000).

    4. J. G. Sauveplanne, Codified and Judge made Law: the role of Courts and Legislators in Civil and Common Law Systems , Niewe Reeks, Deel 45, No. 4 (1982).

    5. Justin Melong, Implementation of OHADA laws in a bilingual and bi-jural context: Cameroon as a case in point , Revue de l’ERSUMA, No. 2, mars 2013.

    6. Pierre Legrand, Against a European Civil Code , The Modern Law Review, Vol. 60, No. 1. (Jan. 1997), pp. 44-63.

    7. Lord David Neuberger (U.K. Supreme Court), Has the identity of the English Common Law been eroded by EU Laws and the European Convention on Human Rights , Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore, 2016.

    8. Vernon Valentine Palmer, Mixed Legal Systems - The Origin of the Species , 28 Tulane European & Civil Law Forum, pp. 103 (2013).

    9. Esin Orucu, What is a Mixed Legal System: Exclusion or Expansion? Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 12.1 (May 2008).

    10. Duncan Alford & Mathew Novak (update), A Guide on the Harmonization of International Commercial Law , New York University, October 2016.

    11. Gaudreault-DesBiens, Jean-François, On the Relative Pertinence of the Civil Law/Common Law Dichotomy When Reflecting on the Relationship between Comparative Law, Development Law and Living Law . Some Observations in the African Context (examines the OHADA model), April 7, 2017.

  5. Management and accommodation of dual, or multiple educational sub-systems within States. Historical origins and different trajectories in the establishment of educational institutions in the English and French sub-systems in Cameroon. Contemporary official Language use shifts, language-of-education switching by historically French speakers and increased English education demand (especially among urban middle-class), driven by globalization and the search for increased economic and professional opportunities. Cameroon’s context of co-existence of two educational sub-systems, and models for their management (margin of autonomy for the English sub-system, versus its nationwide use under central-level coordination).

    1. Georges Courade and Christiane Courade, Education in Anglophone Cameroon: 1915 – 1975 , National Office for Scientific and Technical Research (ONAREST), Yaoundé (1977). Unofficial translation of original text in French, with multiple annexes.

    2. Georges Courade, Christiane Courade, L'école du Cameroun anglophone : de l'école coloniale à l'école nationale. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 19, n°76, 1978. pp. 743-769. Original published article in French. (Useful analysis of the differences in establishing schools between French and British administered parts of Cameroon, and in the immediate post-independence years).

    3. Roland Ndille, British and French Implementation of Colonial Educational policies in Cameroon 1916-1961: A Comparative Analysis , International Journal for Research in Educational Studies, (June 2018), 19 pp. ISSN 2208 – 2115.

    4. Tabot Timothy MacOjong, The Development of Education in the Anglophone Provinces of Cameroon during British Administration , Master’s Thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, (January 1980), 309 pp.

    5. Mathew Basung Gwanfogbe, Changing Regimes and the Development of Education in Cameroon 1886 – 1966 (with Special Reference to the Basel Mission) , Doctoral Thesis, University of London Institute of Education (August 1995), 324

    6. Yannick Dupraz, French and British Colonial Legacies in Education: A Natural Experiment in Cameroon , Paris School of Economics, 2015, 79 pp.

    7. George Echu, The Immersion Experience in Anglophone Primary Schools in Cameroon , Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism, Somerville, MA (2005).

    8. Augustin Simo Bobda: Varying perception of English in Cameroon: A diachronic and synchronic analysis . In: TRANS. Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften. No. 11/2001.

    9. Stephen Ambe Mforteh (Department of English, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon): Cultural innovations in Cameroon’s linguistic Tower of Babel . In: TRANS. Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften. No. 16/2005.

    10. Richard F. Akum and Francis B. Njamnjoh (Eds.). The Cameroon GCE Crisis; A Test of Anglophone Solidarity , Langaa RPCIG, 376 pp., 2008.